Did you know that there are over 70,000 km of marked hiking trails in the Polish mountains? And although it might seem that their colors indicate the difficulty of the route, this is not entirely true.
Learn about the history of trail marking, meaning of individual colors and practical tips on how to use this system when planning trips. This is knowledge you shouldn't go to the mountains without. And if so, don't wait!
The history of trail marking in the Polish mountains dates back to the end of the 19th century. It was then, in 1887, that the Tatra Society (the predecessor of PTTK) began systematically marking trails in the Tatras. Who would have thought that this tradition would last over 130 years! This initiative was a response to the growing popularity of mountain tourism and the need to ensure the safety of the increasing number of hikers. The first signs were simple – stone posts or crosses painted on rocks. Over time, the system evolved into the forms we know today – painted with oil paint in visible points rectangles (9 x 15 cm), consisting of three strips – outer white and the middle one in the colour typical of the given trail.
Currently, the main person responsible for creating and maintaining the trails is Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society (PTTK). It is thanks to them and hundreds of volunteers that we can safely hike in the mountains. Their work includes not only painting signs, but also regular trail inspections, removing obstacles, updating maps and taking care of tourist infrastructure.
Now we get to the heart of the matter – the colours of hiking trails. They are our mountain GPS. Each colour has its own meaning, which has been carefully selected to facilitate orientation in the terrain. The color system is not random. The colors of the hiking trails have been chosen to intuitively convey information about the nature and difficulty of the route. Let's get to know them better!
Red is the color of the main, often the longest and most crowded hiking trails. It's a mountain "highway". If you see a red sign, you know you're in for an epic adventure! Red trails often lead through the most representative and picturesque places in a given mountain range. These are routes for experienced tourists who are prepared for long and demanding hikes. The red color was chosen for a reason – it is clearly visible in various weather conditions and symbolizes the challenge that awaits the brave ones who decide to take this route.
Blue is the color of long-distance routes, often leading through several mountain ranges. This is an ideal choice for those who enjoy longer trips and diverse landscapes. Blue trails often connect different regions, leading through valleys, passes and peaks. They are usually less demanding than red ones, but still pose a challenge for tourists. The blue color symbolizes space and distant horizons, which perfectly reflects the character of these routes. By choosing the blue trail, you can count on the opportunity to get to know the diversity of mountain landscapes.
Green trails often serve as connecting or access routes. These are mountain “shortcuts”, which will help you get from one main trail to another. Perfect for those who like to compose their own routes. They are also a great choice for people who are just starting their adventure with the mountains and want to gradually increase the difficulty of the routes. The green color symbolizes nature and harmony, which well reflects the character of these trails - they often lead through picturesque forests and meadows, being a quieter alternative to the main routes.
Yellow trails are usually shorter and easier routes. Perfect for family trips or for beginners in the mountains. But don't be fooled - "easy" in the mountains doesn't always mean "a walk in the park"! Even though they are considered easier, they still require proper preparation and equipment. The color yellow symbolizes sunshine and joy, which is a great analogy to what you can find on the routes marked with this color - often lead to popular tourist attractions, viewpoints or shelters. These are ideal trails for day trips or short trips to the mountains. They will also be a good choice for families with children, seniors or people who want to enjoy mountain views without having to take on extreme challenges.
Black trails are like a mountain espresso – short but intense. What is the black colour most often associated with? A challenge, a mystery? And that is exactly what it is like in the mountain reality! Black trails often lead along steep slopes, through difficult terrain, offering experienced tourists the opportunity to test their skills and to reach your destination quickly. Although short, they may require the use of hands for climbing or special care when descending. They are ideal for adrenaline seekers and people who like intense but short mountain challenges. However, remember that the black trail requires good physical preparation and the right equipment!
While hiking in the mountains, you may also encounter additional symbols marking viewpoints, shelters, or other attractions. Additional markings on the trails they can also inform about the proximity of a source of drinking water, a campsite, a cave or the location of a rare plant. Knowing these symbols can enrich the mountain experience and help in planning stops or destinations. It is worth paying attention to warning symbols, which can inform about difficult sections of the route, exposure to weather conditions or potential threats.
There are three basic types of signs on the trails:
It is worth remembering that the signs are placed in such a way that they are visible from both directions of the march. PTTK recommends that they are placed no less frequently than every 200 m of the routeIf you don't see a sign for a long time, it's worth stopping and making sure you're on the right trail.
A tourist map is a must-have for every hiker. The colors of the tourist trails on the map correspond to those in the field. Additionally, you will find information on the length of the route, the time it takes to walk, or the level of difficulty. Tourist maps also contain a number of other valuable information, such as the location of shelters, water sources, viewpoints, or dangerous places.
Also pay attention to the scale of the map and contour lines – the denser they are, the steeper the terrain. This will help you better visualize the terrain and prepare for more difficult sections. Some maps also include information about the terrain (forest, meadow, rocky terrain), which can be useful when planning your route and choosing the right equipment.
When planning a trip, of course, pay special attention to the colors of the hiking trails. Don't start your mountain adventure with the red trail! Start with the yellow or green, gradually increasing the difficulty. It's like training - first warm up, then challenges! When planning a route, consider not only the color of the trail, but also its length, elevation and estimated time of the hike. Remember that the time given on maps is usually calculated for an experienced hiker - add to it at least 30% reserve (for rest, taking photos or unforeseen situations).
Also check if there are shelters or other places along the route where you can take shelter in case of a sudden change in weather. If you are planning a longer trip, consider dividing it into stages. Also plan alternative routes back or shorten the trip – in the mountains you always have to be prepared for the unexpected.
Regardless of the color of the route, always follow basic safety rules:
Remember that safety in the mountains depends primarily on your common sense and preparation. Even the best marked trail will not replace common sense and responsibility. With that kind of gear you should be fine.
